The wild plants may have an herbicide resistance advantage.
Credit Xiao Yang
The most common method for genetic modification of crops to make them herbicide resistant is found to confer advantages to the weedy varieties of rice, even when herbicide isn’t present. The results suggest that the effects of such modification could extend beyond farms and into the wild.
There are many varieties of crops are genetically modified to be resistive to glyphosate. Roundup was the first herbicide that was marketed. This glyphosate resistance enables farmers to eradicate the majority of herbicides in their fields without causing damage to their crops.
Glyphosate may hinder the growth of plants by blocking EPSP synase, an enzyme involved in the production amino acids, as well as other chemical compounds that comprise about 35% of plants’ mass. https://farmtop.jp/SHOP/N0009.html The technique of genetic modification used, for instance, in Roundup Ready crops made by the biotechnology giant Monsanto located in St Louis, Missouri — typically includes inserting genes into a plant’s genome to increase EPSP-synthase’s production. The genes typically come from bacteria that have caused the infection of the plants.
The plant is able to resist the effects of glyphosate because of the additional EPSP synthase. Biotechnology labs also tried to use plants’ genes to increase the EPSP synthase enzyme, in part to make use of an American loophole which permits the approval of regulatory authorities of transgenes not derived bacteria-based pests.
There aren’t many studies that have examined whether transgenes , such as those that confer resistance to glyphosate could — after they get into weedy or wild relatives through cross-pollination — make those plants more competitive for survival and reproduction. Norman Ellstrand of the University of California, Riverside, explained that the standard assumption was that any transgene could cause disadvantage in nature when there is no selection pressure. This is because extra machines would reduce the fitness.
Lu Baorong, an ecologist from Fudan University in Shanghai has changed the way that he views this. He discovered that resistance to glyphosate provides a significant fitness lift to the weedy version of the popular rice plant Oryza sativa.
Lu and coworkers modified the cultivars of rice to improve its EPSP synthase. The modified rice was then cross-bred with a wild relative.
The team then let the offspring of crossbreeding to cross-breed with one other to produce second-generation hybrids. They were identical genetically with the exception of the amount of EPSP synthase genes they carried. ラウンドアップ 朝露 The team found that those with more than one copy of the gene that encodes EPSP synthase had more enzyme expression and also produced more tryptophan, in line with what was expected.
ラウンドアップ Researchers also found that transgenic hybrids were more photogenic, produced more plants per plant, and produced 48 to 125% higher yields of seeds than non-transgenic varieties.
Making the weedy rice more competitive could increase the issues it creates for farmers across the globe who’s plots are infested by pests, Lu says.
Brian Ford-Lloyd from the University of Birmingham, UK Brian Ford-Lloyd, a researcher at the University of Birmingham in the “If the EPSP synthase gene is introduced to wild rice varieties the genetic diversity of their species is crucial in conserving it, could be endangered because it will surpass the regular varieties.” “This is one of the most clear instances of the extremely damaging impacts [of GM crops] on the environment.”
ラウンドアップ The study also challenges the public belief that crops modified genetically carrying additional copies of their own genes are more secure than those containing genes from microorganisms. https://www.kaunet.com/rakuraku/spook3/main?Keyword=%83%89%83E%83%93%83h%83A%83b%83v%83%7D%83b%83N%83X%83%8D%81%5B%83h&ShowList=1 Lu claims that the study does not support this belief.
Certain researchers believe that this finding calls for a review of future regulation of genetically modified crops. “Some people are now claiming that biosafety regulation can be eased because we’ve reached an extremely high level of satisfaction in the last two years of genetic engineering” Ellstrand says. “But this study has shown that new products require careful analysis.”